USGS

Energy Geopolitics

Appalachia’s 328-Year Lithium Cache Meets China’s 3-Year Processing Lead

USGS discovery of 2.3 million metric tons positions the U.S. for supply chain independence—if mines can open before China locks in refining dominance and sodium-ion batteries shift the market.

7 min read ·
Energy Geopolitics

US Discovers 328 Years of Lithium in Appalachia—But China Still Controls the Refining

USGS identifies 2.3 million metric tons in domestic reserves as prices hit $26,000/tonne, yet decade-long extraction timelines leave supply chain leverage unchanged.

7 min read ·